Retinal Detachment (RD) refers to the separation of retinal nerve epithelia from pigment epithelia, resulting in the inability of photoreceptor cells to properly receive and conduct light signals, which can lead to irreversible visual impairment or even blindness in severe cases. RD can be divided into three categories: porosity, tractive and exudative. Among them, rheogenic retinal detachment is the most common, accounting for more than 80%, then this article will explore in depth - rheogenic retinal detachment!

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Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment (RRD) is a common blinding disease in ophthalmology. It is mainly caused by retinal retinal retinal retinal detachment (RRD), which is characterized by vitreous fluid penetration into the subretinal space caused by retinal pores or cracks, resulting in the separation of nerve epithelium and pigment epithelium. If not treated in time, It can lead to irreversible visual impairment and even blindness. Retinal hole formation: Common causes include retinal degeneration (e.g. lattice degeneration, cystic degeneration), high myopia (thinning of the peripheral retina due to axial elongation of the eye), eye trauma, and a history of surgery. Most of the degeneration areas are located in the peripheral retina, and most of them are in the superior temporal quadrant. Vitreous factor: vitreous liquefaction and post-detachment (PVD) is a key factor in the penetration of liquefied vitreous into the retina through the hiatus. The mechanical tug of the vitreous body on the retina can aggravate the enlargement of the hole, resulting in the extension of the detachment range.

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01 Common causes of high myopia: the eyeball is prolonged and the retina is thinner, which makes the local hole easily formed and becomes the "entrance" of detachment. Eye trauma: Blunt trauma or penetrating injury can directly destroy the integrity of the retina, resulting in hiatus and subsequent detachment. Posterior vitreous detachment: With age or due to genetic factors, vitreous degeneration and traction lead to the appearance of the hole. Abnormal eye development: Some congenital diseases, such as familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, may also increase the risk of RRD.

02 Clinical manifestations Flashing sensation: generally appears at the edge of the visual field. Floaters: The sudden appearance of many fluttering dark shadows in front of the eyes is caused by the detachment of the vitreous body. Visual field occlusion: like a curtain or curtain, it can be stationary, or it can be expanded with the continuous expansion of the RRD range, and the central vision will be seriously decreased when the macular area is involved. Visual deformation, visual loss: some patients with chronic retinal detachment will have visual deformation, slow visual loss, etc., and some may be accompanied by vitreous bleeding.

03 Diagnostic Methods Fundus examination: After mydriasis, the range of retinal detachment and the location of the hole were observed by indirect ophthalmoscope or three mirrors. The typical manifestations were gray eminence. Optical coherence Tomography (OCT) : can visually display the structural changes of each layer of the retina to help assess the extent of detachment and macular involvement. B-ultrasonography: It is suitable for the cases where the fundus cannot be directly observed due to the opacity of the vitreous body, to provide the degree of detachment and the location of the hole. Fluorescein fundus angiography: In difficult cases to assist the identification of hiatus and its surrounding lesions, to facilitate surgical planning. Perimetry: To assist in the assessment of visual field defects, and to confirm the clinical manifestations.

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Welcome to science time! This article will discuss optical coherence tomography (OCT), an advanced technology widely used in eye examination, and introduce the basic principles and sequence of OCT image reading to help people better understand this convenient and non-invasive ophthalmic examination tool. Have you got the OCT image of the fundus, are you still worrying about how to interpret it?

Looking at the complex structure of the retina, are you still wondering where to start?

OCT, or Optical coherence Tomography, is a technique that uses the principle of light reflection to make microscopic images. It has the advantages of non-invasive, simple, rapid and accurate, and has become an important tool for the study of various fundus diseases. The principle of OCT film reading is based on the difference in optical reflection between different microscopic tissues. When the light shines on the surface of the tissue, a part of the light will be reflected back, and the internal structure of the tissue can be analyzed by detecting the reflection. In OCT images, the level of reflectance can be represented by color or gray scale, forming a false color or gray scale map.

When reading OCT, the following principles should be followed:
1. Before analyzing the light reflection characteristics of the tissue, it is necessary to first determine the way (false color or gray scale) of the OCT film to indicate the level of reflection.

2. Perform OCT image analysis in a certain sequence to ensure that no important information is missed.

3. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, find out the changes of morphological structure and explore the reasons for the changes.

4. Combined with the patient's chief complaint, medical history, fundus color ultrasound, angiography and other examinations, the correct diagnosis was obtained after comprehensive evaluation.

OCT image reading can be performed in the following steps: general outline → structure of retinal layers (see the figure below) → choroidal layer → measurement of relevant data, paying attention to the symmetry of both eyes → comprehensive analysis to give a diagnosis.
The qualitative analysis includes morphological observation of the changes in the overall contour and structure of the retina, as well as based on reflexes
Quantitative analysis mainly measures thickness, volume and area.

Through the introduction of this article, I believe that everyone has a deeper understanding of the magic of OCT, let us look forward to the future development of OCT technology in the field of ophthalmology! Also welcome to contact us, we are Zhiding Medical Technology Co., Ltd.

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ZD Medical  new generation latest upgraded version of split OCT + anterior eye segment function

Model: Optical Coherence Tomography Luminor-D60

LSO technology is used for fundus imaging, which accurately helps you to identify retinal diseases, helps screening and reduce the leakage of diseases in the initial examination, and can greatly improve the efficiency of clinical use.

The ZD Medical Optical Coherence Tomography Luminor-D60 is convenient, fast, clear, smooth and delicate. Equipped with professional analysis software, it makes OCT accurate and efficient in ophthalmic examination and analysis, and is a good helper for clinical diagnosis of fundus diseases.

Multiple functions:

1. Macular analysis-Multiple scanning modes, high-definition imaging, binocular comparison and follow-up comparison are available.
2. Glaucoma analysis - GCC thickness analysis and RNFL thickness analysis are available.
3. Anterior eye segment diagnosis-Corneal structure is clearly visible, thickness of corneal layers can be measured manually or automatically, and atrial angle scanning is accurately aligned.

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Angio OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) is a non-invasive imaging technique used to observe the vascular structure and blood flow dynamics of the retina and choroid at high resolution. It combines the cross-sectional imaging capabilities of optical coherence tomography (OCT) with blood flow analysis and is widely used in the field of ophthalmology.



Working principle

The core technology of Angio OCT is to identify blood flow by detecting the scattering patterns of light signals over time, such as flowing red blood cells. This method produces three-dimensional images of blood vessels in the eye without the need for contrast injections.



Main feature

1. Non-invasive: Unlike fluorescent angiography (FA) or indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), Angio OCT does not require dye injection, reducing patient discomfort and risk.
   
   High resolution: The ability to produce high-resolution images of microvascular networks, especially in the retinal and choroidal capillary layers.
   
2. Fast imaging: The scanning speed is fast, and the entire inspection can be completed in a few seconds.
   
3. Three-dimensional imaging: The vascular structure of retina and choroid can be displayed in layers to more intuitively reflect the location of the lesion.
   
   Clinical application
   
4. Diabetic retinopathy:
   
   Capillary occlusion, microvascular abnormalities and non-perfusion areas were detected.
   
5. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) :
   
   The morphology and dynamics of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) were observed.
   
6. Retinal vein occlusion:
   
   To evaluate ischemic and neovascularization changes due to vascular obstruction.
   
7. Glaucoma:
   
   The changes of blood flow in retinal nerve fiber layer were analyzed.
   
8. Mesoplasmic chorioretinopathy:
   
   The choroidal blood flow dynamics and leakage were examined.
   
   Technical limitation
   
9. Motion artifacts: The patient’s eye movement may cause image distortion.
   
10. Deep structural signal attenuation: The ability to image deep choroidal vessels is limited.
    

    3. Blood flow velocity dependence: Extremely slow or completely interrupted blood flow cannot be detected.

    

    Future development direction
    

    As the technology advances, Angio OCT continues to improve in terms of resolution, scan speed and signal processing, and may find more applications in a wider range of medical fields such as neurology or cardiovascular disease in the future.

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Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging test that provides high-resolution cross-sectional images of tissues.  It is widely used in ophthalmology and other medical fields to assess various conditions.  Here’s what it typically



In Ophthalmology OCT is most commonly used to evaluate structures within the eye, particularly the retina and optic nerve, for the following conditions:



1.Retinal Disorders:

Macular Degeneration.

Diabetic Retinopathy: Ident.

Macular Hole: Helps.

Epiretinal Membranes.

2.Glaucoma:

Measures the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer to assess damage to the optic nerve.

Monitors disease progression and response to treatment.

3.Retinal Detachment and Tears:

Helps identify and evaluate the extent of detachment or any retinal abnormalities.

4.Central Serous Retinopathy:

Detects fluid accumulation beneath the retina.

5.Uveitis:

Evaluates the retina for swelling or other complications caused by inflammation.





In Other Medical Fields OCT is also used in other specialties:

1.Cardiology:

Evaluates blood vessels and plaques in coronary arteries during intravascular OCT imaging, which is used during procedures like angioplasty.

2.Dermatology:

Examines skin layers for early detection of skin cancer or other dermatological conditions.

3.Oncology:

Assists in imaging tissues for cancer diagnosis or during biopsies.

4.Dentistry:

Visualizes tooth and gum structures for cavities, periodontal disease, or other dental issues.

By providing detailed images of tissues, OCT aids in early diagnosis, monitoring, and management of many conditions.

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